I. Diabetes

Diabetes is a metabolic condition in which blood glucose levels remain higher than normal due to inadequate insulin production, reduced insulin action or both. Effective management can help control blood glucose and reduce the risk of long-term complications.

Hypoglycemia

Hypoglycemia occurs when blood glucose levels fall below the normal range. Symptoms may include sweating, trembling, dizziness, confusion, weakness or, in severe cases, loss of consciousness.

Diabetic Foot

Diabetes can affect the nerves and blood circulation in the feet, increasing the risk of ulcers, infections and delayed wound healing. Early evaluation and appropriate foot care can help prevent serious complications.

Diabetic Kidney Disease

Persistently high blood glucose can damage the kidneys over time. Regular monitoring of kidney function and good control of diabetes and blood pressure are important for slowing disease progression.

Diabetes Complications

Uncontrolled diabetes can affect the eyes, kidneys, nerves, heart, blood vessels and feet. Regular screening helps identify complications early and enables timely management.

II. Thyroid Disorders

The thyroid gland produces hormones that regulate metabolism, energy levels, body temperature and several important body functions.

Hypothyroidism

Hypothyroidism occurs when the thyroid gland does not produce enough thyroid hormones. Common symptoms include fatigue, weight gain, constipation, dry skin, sensitivity to cold and menstrual changes.

Hyperthyroidism

Hyperthyroidism occurs when the thyroid produces excessive thyroid hormones. Symptoms may include unexplained weight loss, rapid heartbeat, sweating, tremors, anxiety and heat intolerance.

Thyroid Nodules

Thyroid nodules are lumps that develop within the thyroid gland. Most are benign, but appropriate evaluation may be required to determine their nature and need for treatment.

Thyroid Cancer

Thyroid cancer develops from abnormal cells within the thyroid gland. Early diagnosis and coordinated treatment can help achieve favourable outcomes in many patients.

III. Parathyroid & Bone Disorders

The parathyroid glands play an important role in maintaining calcium balance and supporting healthy bones.

Parathyroid Tumours

Abnormal growths in the parathyroid glands can cause excessive hormone production and disturbances in calcium levels.

Hypercalcemia

Hypercalcemia refers to higher-than-normal calcium levels in the blood. Depending on its severity, it may affect the bones, kidneys, digestive system, muscles and nervous system.

Hyperparathyroidism

Hyperparathyroidism occurs when one or more parathyroid glands produce excessive parathyroid hormone, potentially resulting in high calcium levels, kidney stones and bone loss.

Osteoporosis

Osteoporosis causes bones to become weak and more susceptible to fractures. Assessment of bone health and appropriate treatment can help reduce fracture risk.

Rickets

Rickets is a condition in children that affects normal bone development, commonly associated with vitamin D, calcium or phosphate abnormalities.

IV. Pituitary Disorders

The pituitary is often called the body’s “master gland” because its hormones regulate several other endocrine glands and influence growth, reproduction and metabolism.

Pituitary Tumours

Pituitary tumours can affect hormone production and, depending on their size, may cause headaches or vision-related symptoms.

Acromegaly

Acromegaly results from excessive growth hormone production in adults, causing gradual changes in the hands, feet, facial features and other tissues.

Cushing’s Disease

Cushing’s disease may occur when a pituitary tumour causes excessive production of ACTH, leading to increased cortisol levels in the body.

Pituitary Hormone Deficiency

Reduced pituitary hormone production can affect thyroid function, adrenal function, growth, reproduction and other important body processes.

Growth Disorders

Abnormal growth hormone production can result in short stature, excessive growth or other growth-related problems, particularly during childhood and adolescence.

High Prolactin

Elevated prolactin levels can cause menstrual irregularities, infertility, breast milk production unrelated to pregnancy and reduced testosterone or sexual function.

V. Adrenal Disorders

The adrenal glands produce essential hormones involved in the body’s stress response, blood pressure, metabolism and salt-water balance.

Cushing’s Syndrome

Cushing’s syndrome occurs when the body is exposed to excessive cortisol over a prolonged period. It may cause weight gain, high blood pressure, muscle weakness, skin changes and metabolic problems.

Adrenal Hormone Deficiency

Insufficient production of adrenal hormones, particularly cortisol, can lead to fatigue, weakness, low blood pressure, weight loss and electrolyte abnormalities.

VI. Reproductive & Hormonal Disorders

Hormonal imbalances can affect puberty, menstrual health, sexual function and fertility in both men and women.

Hypogonadism

Hypogonadism occurs when the ovaries or testes produce insufficient levels of sex hormones, potentially affecting puberty, fertility, bone health and sexual function.

PCOS

Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS) is a common hormonal disorder that may cause irregular periods, excess facial or body hair, acne, weight gain and fertility difficulties.

Erectile Dysfunction

Erectile dysfunction may sometimes be associated with hormonal disorders, diabetes, obesity or other underlying health conditions. Endocrine evaluation can help identify contributing hormonal or metabolic factors.

Infertility

Hormonal imbalances involving the thyroid, pituitary gland, ovaries or testes can contribute to infertility. Appropriate endocrine evaluation helps identify and manage treatable hormonal causes.

VII. Obesity & Weight Disorders

Obesity is a complex condition influenced by metabolic, hormonal, genetic, lifestyle and environmental factors. It can increase the risk of diabetes, hypertension, cardiovascular disease, sleep disorders and joint problems.

Our endocrinology team evaluates possible hormonal and metabolic contributors to weight gain and provides personalised medical weight-management strategies.